KONTRIBUSI PERADABAN ISLAM PADA MASA DINASTI ABBASIYAH TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN DUNIA: KAJIAN HISTORIS

Abstract

This study examines the contributions of Islamic civilization during the Abbasid Dynasty (750–1258 CE) to the development of world science and culture, employing a qualitative approach through library research methodology. The Abbasid Dynasty is widely recognized as the apex of The Golden Age of Islam, an era in which intellectual activity reached its highest intensity in the history of classical Islamic civilization. The findings reveal three principal conclusions. First, the advancement of science during the Abbasid period proceeded systematically through the institution of Bayt al-Hikmah and a massive translation movement, producing original contributions by Muslim scholars in mathematics, medicine, chemistry, astronomy, and optics. Second, the Abbasid cultural contributions encompassed architecture, calligraphic arts, literature, philosophy, and a trade-based economic system that transformed Baghdad into the most advanced center of world civilization of its time. Third, the transmission mechanism of the Abbasid intellectual legacy through Andalusia and Sicily served as a critical catalyst for the European Renaissance, affirming that the Abbasid heritage constitutes a universal civilizational patrimony whose relevance continues to permeate the structure of contemporary global knowledge. This research contributes to the reconstruction of a more equitable historiographical narrative regarding the role of Islamic civilization in shaping the global order of knowledge.