Peran Keluarga Terhadap Perkembangan Akhlak Anak Menurut Pandangan Psikologi dan Islam

Abstract

The author uses library research/literature study with a qualitative descriptive method, namely the activity of collecting data through searching for written sources (in this case on the internet media), then reading or reviewing the data to select various theories that are relevant to the focus of the study. After that, a description of the data is carried out in a systematic description, until the analysis activity to get various main points and see the relationship between concepts. The results of the study show that the role of the family in the development of children's morals based on one of the theories in psychology, namely social learning theory, consists of two types, namely first, parents need to be authoritative and skilled role models to stimulate the child's desire to imitate the behavior he taught.
Second, accustom children to repeat the behavior that has been taught through reinforcement in the form of rewards if he does something that is worthy of imitation and is punished if the child makes a mistake. And in this habituation it is also important for parents to explain which behaviors deserve rewards and which receive punishment so that children can distinguish them clearly. Furthermore, to educate children to be responsible for their mistakes, the role of the family in the development of children's morals according to Islam consists of several things: first, being a role model, where parents need to display their best qualities by practicing good morals themselves first. This can convince children to imitate the behavior they model. Second, providing reinforcement in the form of rewards, whether through verbal praise or material rewards, for children's good behavior to encourage them to repeat the behavior in the future. Punishment is carried out based on the principle of providing opportunities for children to improve themselves, providing reprimands, and avoiding physical punishment that is detrimental to the child. Third, cultivating good morals through supervision, firmness, programming, and continuity until it becomes a habit. Fourth, providing advice to children in polite language while adapting to their developmental level, taking into account the time and place, and interspersing it with verses from the Quran and hadith, as well as stories of the Prophets and Messengers, and the Companions.